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Tulou, Hakka, FujianThe Curious History of the Hakka and the Tulou

If you are interested in the Hakka and the tulous you may also be interested in my selection of photos from Fujian or the blog I wrote on our trip to Fujian. Please click these links to enter either piece.

Much of the content of this article, on the Hakka and the Tulous, can be regarded as a hypothesis rather than an entirely factual piece. There is far too much contradictory information, of variable quality, to form many concrete conclusions. It has been written with reference to papers that would probably be best read in Chinese, by someone with a better grasp of Chinese history than I, and a couple of days field work. However, it would be interesting to have a series of unbiased people research sections of this work, to draw their own conclusions and to present their agreement or disagreement. I had hoped that the National Geographic/IBM Genographic Project would shed some more conclusive light on the subject of Hakka migration and origins, but as far as I can see it does not. At the end of the article are my private conclusions, made quite subjectively, I hope no one finds offence in them.

You can hover your pointer over the pictures and diagram in this article and it will show a full description and details.

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King John, the Barons and the Magna Carta

King John was not very popular. His brother King Richard I was a great warrior, but he had spent a lot of the country’s money on fighting the crusades against the Islamic Empire and was hardly ever in England. While Richard was doing this John tried to become King; he wasn’t being very nice to his brother but no one else was running the country. King Richard came back and sorted things out but then died leaving John as King (for real this time!). John had three big problems;

1)   He had no money and had to raise taxes a lot.

2)   He had to fight a war against France and lost the lands of Normandy to them.

3)   Everyone hated him because he was horrible (except perhaps his wife)!

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Marco Polo - Born 1254 (probably in Venice) Died 1324 (definitely in Venice)

Marco Polo is famous as the first “westerner” to travel to China; the trouble was he wasn’t! There were two people who travelled towards China: Giovanni Carpini in 1245 and then Guillaume de Rubrouck in 1253 had gone as far as the Karakorum Pass. But more significantly, in 1266, Marco Polo’s Father and Uncle had arrived in Beijing after six years away from home; they stayed there for a year and then took another three to get back.

This tells you why it is important to write a good book about your adventures; Signore de Rubrouck, Signore Carpini, Papa Polo and Uncle Polo didn’t do this. The result; Marco is famous and they are not! Marco Polo also reckoned he missed out half the stuff he saw, if he’d put it all in it would have been a huge book and maybe not so many people would have bothered to read it!

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markA Brief Comparative History of Farming in the Early Chinese and Roman Empires

Having reviewed this piece, some eigtheen months after writing it, I have concluded that some of it may have been unintentionally plagerised, due to it being somewhat incomplete. I apologise for this state of affairs and will ensure that this is rectified as soon as possible. For the time being it should be regarded as a "work in progress."

Early Chinese Farming

The earliest farming to have been identified in China is the cultivation of millet. This took place in the Yellow River valley from around 6000BC onwards. Alongside the arable process came the domestication of the chicken, this may have been as early as the start of this period, and the pig around 3000BC. Rice was grown in limited areas but remained an unimportant crop. Life was predominantly village based and focused on the farming requirements, although complex pottery work and religion were important. By 2000BC rice and wheat were being widely grown; these produced much higher yields but required irrigation and greater organization, resulting in the formation of non-farming groups within society. Wheat was predominately grown to the north of the Tsinling Mountains and rice to the south but subsidiary crops would have included soybean, other beans, sorghum, millet, fruits and vegetables. North of the line of the Great Wall food production remained nomadic pastoralism.

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markThe Roman’s first invaded Britain in 55 & 54BC but they were unsuccessful. It was nearly a hundred years later that the Emperor Claudius, who wanted a conquest to make him look good, invaded again in 43AD. This time the Romans quickly took control and secured the resources they had coveted Britain for; gold, tin, wool & cloth, dogs, pots, food and slaves.  They weren’t too bothered about the far north, the area which is now Scotland and realised it would be very expensive to try to conquer that as well. In 122AD, Emperor Hadrian visited and they started building a wall across the country from East to West, roughly from Newcastle to Carlisle.

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